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My MD Anderson Cancer Center Information Frequently Asked Questions ( FAQ) User Friendly Version |
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Welcome to my compendium website
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My MD Anderson Information Frequently Asked Questions ( FAQ) User Friendly Version
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Making Cancer History At M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, our mission is simple – to eliminate cancer. Achieving that goal begins with integrated programs in cancer treatment, clinical trials, education programs and cancer prevention. To us, people are more than just their cancer symptoms. Compassion – along with innovative cancer treatment, cutting-edge cancer research, comprehensive education and research-based prevention of both common and rare cancers – has earned the gratitude of countless adult and pediatric cancer patients and their families. M. D. Anderson: life-saving, life-changing care, since 1941. |
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Cancer Basics
What is Cancer? Cancer begins in the body's cells, which are constantly dividing and multiplying to replace old, damaged cells. Sometimes, cells begin to divide unnecessarily, forming excess tissue known as a tumor. In most cases, tumors are benign, meaning that they are not cancerous. Benign tumors, although they may cause some health problems depending on their size and location, are not life-threatening. However, if an abnormal cell begins to divide, it eventually forms a malignant, or cancerous tumor. Most malignant tumors grow quite rapidly, invading nearby organs and tissues. Cancerous cells can also travel through the bloodstream to other regions of the body. When cancer spreads from its original site, the process is known as metastasis. The good news is that cancer death rates have been declining in recent years, especially among men, who generally experience higher rates than women. Increasing public awareness has resulted in more people getting regular cancer screenings, and practicing healthy lifestyles to reduce their risk. |
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Causes of Cancer The vast majority of cancers--about 80%--are considered sporadic, meaning that there is no clear cause. For some reason, certain normal genes begin to mutate (change), multiplying rapidly and becoming malignant. There are several environmental influences that may cause these gene mutations to occur. In fact, a large number of cancers are preventable because most of these factors can be controlled with healthy lifestyle choices. Environmental causes of cancer include: The other 20% of cancers are hereditary. This means that the abnormal gene responsible for causing the cancer is passed from parent to child, posing a greater risk for that type of cancer in all descendants of the family. However, just because someone has a cancer-causing gene doesn't mean they will automatically get cancer. If hereditary cancer is suspected, family members should consider genetic counseling and testing to determine their risk. Regular cancer screenings are recommended for high-risk families so that if cancer does occur, it will be diagnosed in the early stages, when it's most responsive to treatment. Signs of hereditary cancer include:
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Symptoms of Cancer Unfortunately, many types of cancer don't display any obvious symptoms or cause pain until well advanced. Because early-stage cancer symptoms tend to be subtle, they are often mistaken for signs of other, less-threatening diseases. Here are the seven warning signs of cancer:
Some symptoms are specific to certain types of cancer, such as difficult urination for prostate cancer, or flu-like symptoms for acute leukemias. Don't be afraid to discuss unusual symptoms with your doctor! Diagnostic tests are available for most common cancers. If diagnosed early, your chances of surviving cancer are greatly increased. |